Dangers of illicit vape products highlighted in a report by Ireland’s Health Service Executive

As part of the HSE Drugs Early Warning System in Ireland, the HSE Emerging Drug Trends Laboratory has identified high-risk cannabinoids in vapes, vape ‘juice’ and other products such as ‘edibles’ sold in shops and the illicit market in Ireland. These substances have been linked to serious physical and mental harm, including loss of consciousness, severe intoxication, withdrawal and cases of psychosis across different counties in Ireland.

A total of 76 vapes and vape juice from shops and the illicit market have been analysed to date in 2026.

Results show:

• 28 contained HHC or related compounds (semi-synthetic cannabinoids)
• 8 contained potent synthetic cannabinoids
• 10 acetate-containing compounds that can be linked to lung disease
• 12 cannabis or related compounds

The lab results show that products could be mislabelled as CBD or other cannabinoids but actually contain HHC or synthetic cannabinoids.

Prof Eamon Keenan, HSE Clinical Lead for Addiction Services, said: “We are concerned that high-risk cannabinoids are being sold through shops and the black market across Ireland. We are particularly concerned about the effects on young people who buy vapes and edibles and are not aware that they are exposed to these harmful substances.”

Nicki Killeen, HSE Emerging Drug Trends manager added: "Semi-synthetic cannabinoids are new to the EU market, and there is little evidence available on their short-term and long-term health effects. In addition, our lab has identified potent synthetic cannabinoids often known as ‘spice’ in products sold in these shops and in products sold as THC on the illicit market. They are much more potent than traditional cannabis, and products vary widely in content, posing a serious risk.”

The duty free and travel retail industry supports efforts to eliminate illicit trade in all its forms and recommends that consumers should purchase goods only from reputable retail outlets. Trusted retailers provide assurance that products are authentic and properly sourced, protecting consumers and supporting responsible trade practices.

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